HOME    |    BROWSE    |    SEARCH    |    SUBSCRIPTION   |    SUBMISSION    |    REGISTRATION

Quick Search:
Author: Title/Abstract: Vol./No: Page:
PTP Online Top > Volume 60 (1978) > Number 3
| Next Article >

Prog. Theor. Phys. Vol. 60 No. 3 (1978) pp. 699-710

[ Full Text PDF (1108K) ]  [ Buy This Article ]

Instability of a Gaseous Envelope Surrounding a Planetary Core and Formation of Giant Planets

Hiroshi Mizuno, Kiyoshi Nakazawa and Chushiro Hayashi

Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606

(Received March 17, 1978)

Abstract:

We consider the evolution of the solar nebula in stages where, as studied previously by Hayashi, Nakazawa and Adachi, protoplanets composed of involatile materials are growing gradually through the capture of planetesimals. When a protoplanet becomes greater than the moon's mass, an appreciable amount of the gas of the solar nebula is attracted by the protoplanet to form a gaseous envelope surrounding it.
We have studied the structure and stability of this envelope, which depend on the mass of the protoplanet, on the assumption that the envelope is spherically-symmetric, in hydro-static equilibrium and, thermally, isothermal in the outer optically-thin region but adiabatic in the inner region. The existence of the isothermal region is due to a circumstance that the opacity of the gas is very low since almost all of grains have already condensed into planetesimals and protoplanets.
We have found that, when the mass of a protoplanet becomes greater than a certain critical value which depends on the opacity, the envelope can no longer be in hydrostatic equilibrium and begins to collapse. For a roughly estimated value of the opacity, the critical mass is of the order of 15ME and 6ME (ME being the Earth's mass) for proto-Jupiter and proto-Saturn, respectively. These masses are about one fifth and one tenth of the values found by Perri and Cameron, but they are consistent with recent Slattery's models of the present Jupiter and Saturn.


URL : http://ptp.ipap.jp/link?PTP/60/699/
DOI : 10.1143/PTP.60.699

[ Full Text PDF (1108K) ]  [ Buy This Article ]  Citation:

References:

  1. T. Kusaka, T. Nakano and C. Hayashi, Prog. Theor. Phys. 44 (1970), 1580[IPAP].
  2. P. Goldreich and W. R. Ward, Astrophys. J. 183 (1973), 1051[CrossRef].
  3. V. S. Safronov, Evolution of the Protoplanetary Cloud and Formation of the Earth and the Planets, NASA TTF-677 (U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22151, 1969), p. 45.
  4. C. Hayashi, K. Nakazawa and I. Adachi, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 29 (1977), 163.
  5. W. B. Hubbard and R. Smoluchowski, Sp. Sci. Rev. 14 (1973), 599.
  6. F. Perri and A. G. W. Cameron, Icarus 22 (1974), 416.
  7. K. Nakazawa and C. Hayashi, to be published.
  8. C. Hayashi and T. Nakano, Prog. Theor. Phys. 30 (1963), 460[IPAP].
  9. J. E. Gaustad, Astrophys. J. 138 (1963), 1050[CrossRef].
  10. L. M. Trafton, Astrophys. J. 146 (1966), 558[CrossRef].
  11. L. M. Trafton, Astrophys. J. 147 (1967), 765[CrossRef].
  12. W. L. Slattery, Icarus 32 (1977), 58.
  13. J. P. Cox and R. T. Giuli, Principles of Stellar Structure (Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, 1968), p. 1029.
  14. See, for exampel, R. Courant and D. Hilbert, Methods of Mathematical Physics (Interscience Pub., New York, 1953), Vol. 1, p. 451.
  15. C. Hayashi and Y. Nakagawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 54 (1975), 93[IPAP].
  16. M. Podolak and A. G. W. Cameron, Icarus 22 (1974), 123.
  17. M. Podolak and A. G. W. Cameron, Icarus 25 (1975), 627.
  18. M. Podolak, Icarus 30 (1977), 155.

Citing Article(s) :

  1. Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 64 No. 2 (1980) pp. 544-557 :
    Formation of the Giant Planets
    Hiroshi Mizuno
  2. Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 64 No. 6 (1980) pp. 1968-1985 :
    Dissipation of the Primordial Terrestrial Atmosphere Due to Irradiation of the Solar EUV
    Minoru Sekiya, Kiyoshi Nakazawa and Chushiro Hayashi
  3. Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 67 No. 4 (1982) pp. 1053-1067 :
    The Gaseous Flow around a Protoplanet in the Primordial Solar Nebula
    Satoshi Miki
  4. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement No.70 (1981) pp. 11-34 :
    Origin of the Solar System
    Kiyoshi Nakazawa and Yoshitsugu Nakagawa
  5. Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement No.96 (1988) pp. 266-273 :
    Chapter 22. Primordial Atmosphere Surrounding a Protoplanet and Formation of Jovian Planets
    Hiroshi Mizuno and Kiyoshi Nakazawa

[PTP HOME] [BROWSE] [SEARCH] [SUBSCRIPTION] [SUBMISSION] [REGISTRATION]

Copyright © Progress of Theoretical Physics 2010 All rights reserved.